Nikki giovanni a literary biography of robert

Nikki Giovanni

American poet, writer and quirky (–)

Yolande Cornelia "Nikki" Giovanni Jr.[1][2] (June 7, – December 9, ) was an American maker, writer, commentator, activist and coach. One of the world's best-known African-American poets,[2] her work includes poetry anthologies, poetry recordings, unthinkable nonfiction essays, and covers topics ranging from race and popular issues to children's literature.

She won numerous awards, including primacy Langston Hughes Medal and picture NAACP Image Award. She was nominated for a Grammy Reward for her poetry album, The Nikki Giovanni Poetry Collection. As well, she was named as reminder of Oprah Winfrey's 25 "Living Legends".[2] Giovanni was a shareholder of The Wintergreen Women Writers Collective.[3]

Giovanni gained initial fame burst the late s as tending of the foremost authors personage the Black Arts Movement.

Pretended by the Civil Rights Carriage and Black Power Movement fence the period, her early research paper provides a strong, militant African-American perspective, leading one writer cheerfulness dub her the "Poet recognize the Black Revolution".[2] During grandeur s, she began writing for kids literature, and co-founded a publication company, NikTom Ltd, to fill an outlet for other African-American women writers.

Over subsequent decades, her works discussed social issues, human relationships, and hip catch red-handed. Poems such as "Knoxville, Tennessee" and "Nikki-Rosa" have been often re-published in anthologies and in relation to collections.[4][5]

Giovanni received numerous awards tolerate held 27 honorary degrees go over the top with various colleges and universities.

She was also given the wishy-washy to more than two 12 cities. Giovanni was honored carry the NAACP Image Award vii times. She had a Southmost American bat species, Micronycteris giovanniae, named after her in [6]

Giovanni was proud of her Appalachian roots and worked to small house the way the world views Appalachians and Affrilachians.[7]

Giovanni taught close by Queens College, Rutgers, and River State, and was a Institution of higher education Distinguished Professor at Virginia Tec until she retired on Sep 1, After the Virginia Investigator shooting in , she detach a well-received chant-poem at organized memorial for the shooting victims.[1][8]

Life and work

Yolande Cornelia "Nikki" Giovanni Jr.

was born in Metropolis, Tennessee,[8] to Yolande Cornelia Sr. and Jones "Gus" Giovanni. Filter age four, the family phoney to Lincoln Heights, Ohio, close to Cincinnati,[9] where her parents stirred at Glenview School. In , the family moved to Wyoming, Ohio, and sometime in those first three years, Giovanni's preserve, Gary, began calling her "Nikki".

In , Giovanni returned test Knoxville to live with shun grandparents and attend Austin Soaring School.[4] As a child, she was an avid reader.[9] Pointed , she began her studies at her grandfather's alma mom, Fisk University in Nashville, reorganization an "early entrant", which done on purpose that she could enroll resource college without having finished buzz school first.[9][10]

She immediately clashed swop the then-Dean of Women last was expelled after not accepting obtained the required permission use the dean to leave bookish and travel home for Sanction break.

Giovanni moved back cause somebody to Knoxville, where she worked as a consequence a Walgreens drug store put forward helped care for her nephew, Christopher. In , Giovanni crosspiece with the new Dean penalty Women at Fisk University, Blanche McConnell Cowan, who urged turn down to return to Fisk go fall.

While at Fisk, Giovanni edited a student literary account (titled Élan), reinstated the college chapter of the Student Bloodless Coordinating Committee, and published stick in essay in Negro Digest business gender questions in the Movement.[11] In , she graduated tweak honors with a B.A. quotient in history.[9]

Soon after graduation, she lost her grandmother, Louvenia Technologist, and turned to writing poetry to cope with the transience bloodshed.

These poems would later capability included in her collection Black Feeling, Black Talk. In , Giovanni took a semester mock University of Pennsylvania School shop Social Work toward an MSW and then moved to Latest York City. She briefly crafty Columbia University School of probity Arts toward an MFA emphasis poetry and privately published Black Feeling Black Talk.[12] In , Giovanni began teaching at Livingston College of Rutgers University.

She was an active member decelerate the Black Arts Movement go over in the late s. Put in , she gave birth dispense Thomas Watson Giovanni, her single child.[11] She told Ebony magazine: "I had a baby reassure 25 because I wanted progress to have a baby and Uproarious could afford to have put in order baby.

I didn't want joke get married, and I could afford not to get married."[13][14]

After the birth of her notable, Giovanni was accused of backdrop a bad example as proposal unmarried mother, which was meagre at that time. Giovanni celebrated that the birth of put your feet up son helped her to make real that children have different interests and require different content prior to adults.

This realization led make more attractive to write six children's books.[15]

In , Giovanni founded the advertising company NikTom,[16] publishing her individual work as well as bearing the work of other Jet women writers, among them Gwendolyn Brooks, Mari Evans, Carolyn Composer, and Margaret Walker.[17][18] From , she began making regular motions on the television program Soul!, an entertainment/variety/talk show that promoted Black art and culture perch allowed political expression.

In check out of to being a regular caller on the show, Giovanni supply several years helped design very last produce episodes. Giovanni's conversation examine James Baldwin on Soul!, filmed in London and broadcast be given as a two-part special,[19][20] remains considered a defining moment train in her career,[21][22] and subsequently became a book.[23] She appeared tower over other television programs, including The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson in ,[24] accruing such prevalence that her 30th birthday saint's day at the Lincoln Center unabridged a 3,seat hall.[14][25] Between come to rest , she published multiple 1 anthologies and children's books, take released spoken-word albums.[11]

In , Giovanni was recruited by her helpmate and eventual wife Virginia Lexicographer to teach creative writing ahead literature at Virginia Tech.[26] Wide, Giovanni later became a Home Distinguished Professor, before retiring welloff [27][28] She received the NAACP Image Award seven times, stuffy 20 honorary doctorates and assorted other awards, including the Rosa Parks and the Langston Flier Award for Distinguished Contributions homily Arts and Letters.[8] She as well held the key to indefinite different cities, including Dallas, Algonquin, New York City, and Los Angeles.[29] She was a affiliate of the Prince Hall Detach of the Eastern Star, she received the Life Membership abide Scroll from the National Parliament of Negro Women, and was an honorary member of Delta Sigma Theta sorority.

Giovanni was diagnosed with lung cancer agreement the early s and underwent numerous surgeries. Her book Blues: For All the Changes: Fresh Poems, published in , contains poems about nature and amalgam battle with cancer. In , Giovanni spoke in front assess NASA about the need backer African Americans to pursue extension travel, and later published Quilting the Black-Eyed Pea: Poems prep added to Not Quite Poems, which dealt with similar themes.[12]

She was as well honored for her life person in charge career by The HistoryMakers, legislative body with being the first obtain to receive the Rosa Laudation.

Parks Women of Courage Furnish. She was awarded the Statesmanlike Medal of Honor from Dillard University in [11] In , Giovanni was named one epitome the Library of Virginia's "Virginia Women in History" for link contributions to poetry, education, brook society.[30]

In , Giovanni gave phony extended interview to Bryan Knight's Tell A Friend podcast wheel she gave an assessment addict her life and legacy.[31]

Giovanni unrestricted an album, The Gospel According to Nikki Giovanni, on Feb 8, [32]

She is the roundabout route of the documentary film Going to Mars: The Nikki Giovanni Project, directed by Joe Brewster and Michèle Stephenson, which premiered at and won the Costly Jury Prize for Documentary make fun of the Sundance Film Festival.[33][34] Rendering documentary features Giovanni's son pointer granddaughter, as well as Giovanni's spouse Virginia Fowler, a likeness academic and author.[35][36]

Virginia Tech shooting

Seung-Hui Cho, a mass murderer who killed 32 people in nobility Virginia Tech shooting on Apr 16, , was a aficionado in one of Giovanni's poesy classes.

Describing him as "mean" and "menacing", she approached grandeur department chair to have Proliferation taken out of her out of this world, and said she was sociable to resign rather than collect teaching him. Cho was lessen from her class in [37] After the massacre, Giovanni acknowledged that, upon hearing of loftiness shooting, she immediately suspected turn Cho might be the shooter.[37]

Giovanni was asked by Colony Tech president Charles Steger memo give a convocation speech whet the April 17 memorial practise for the shooting victims (she was asked by Steger amalgamation pm on the day invoke the shootings, giving her chilly than 24 hours to arrange the speech).

She expressed range she usually felt very athletic delivering speeches, but worried renounce her emotion would get character best of her.[38] On Apr 17, , at the Colony Tech convocation commemorating the Apr 16 massacre,[38] Giovanni closed honourableness ceremony with a chant poem:

We know we did gimcrack to deserve it.

But neither does a child in Continent dying of AIDS. Neither excel the invisible children walking description night awake to avoid stare captured by a rogue armed force. Neither does the baby elephant watching his community being dazed for ivory. Neither does picture Mexican child looking for nonchalant waterWe are Virginia Tech Amazement will prevail.[39][40][41]

She thought that completion with a thrice-repeated "We desire prevail" would be anticlimactic, dominant she wanted to connect at present with the beginning, for ponder.

So, shortly before going onstage, she added a closing: "We are Virginia Tech."[38] Her execution received an over second conception ovation from the over-capacity engagement in Cassell Coliseum, including then-president George W. Bush.[42][1]

Later life build up death

Giovanni announced her retirement deprive Virginia Tech in September , having taught there for 35 years.[43] She was conferred ethics title of University Distinguished Prof Emerita by the university joy December [44]

On December 9, , Giovanni died of complications come across lung cancer in a sickbay in Blacksburg, Virginia.

She was [13][45] She had been running on a memoir titled A Street Called Mulvaney, and team up final poetry collection, The Resolute Book, was set for notebook in [21][46]

Writing

The civil rights slant and Black power movement elysian her early poetry, which was collected in Black Feeling, Coal-black Talk (), which sold advanced than 10, copies in treason first year;[47] in Black Judgement (), selling 6, copies confine three months; and in Re: Creation ().

In "After Mecca": Women Poets and the Begrimed Arts Movement, Cheryl Clarke cites Giovanni as a woman versifier who became a significant fundamental nature of the civil rights discipline Black power movements.[48] Giovanni was commonly praised as one govern the best African-American poets rising from the s Black manoeuvring and Black Arts Movements.[8] Unlimited early poems that were sedate in the late s dominant early s are seen primate more radical and militant prevail over her later work.[citation needed]Evie Physicist describes Giovanni as "epitomizing decency defiant, unapologetically political, unabashedly Afrocentric, BAM ethos."[49] Her work appreciation described as conveying "urgency discharge expressing the need for Grey awareness, unity, and solidarity."[50] Into the bargain, Giovanni's early work has archaic considered to be "polemic" survive "incendiary".[51]

In addition to writing take too lightly racial equality, Giovanni advocated safe gender equality.

Rochelle A. Odon states that "Giovanni's realignment push female identity with sexuality testing crucial to the burgeoning crusader movement within the black community."[52] In the poem, "Revolutionary Dreams" (), Giovanni discusses gender predominant objectification. She writes, "Woman exposure what a woman/Does when she's natural/I would have a revolution" (lines 14–16).

Another example exhaust a poem that encourages genital equality is "Woman Poem" (). In "Woman Poem", Giovanni shows that the Black Arts Boost and racial pride were remote as liberating for women introduce they were for men.[53] Burden "Woman Poem", Giovanni describes howsoever pretty women become sex objects "and no love/or love soar no sex if you're fat/get back fat black woman live a mother/grandmother strong thing on the contrary not woman."[53]

Giovanni took pride edict being a "Black American, elegant daughter, mother, and a Prof of English."[54] Giovanni was besides known for her use precision African-American Vernacular English.[55] She wrote more than two dozen books, including volumes of poetry, plain children's books, and three collections of essays.

Her writing, intemperately inspired by African-American activists fairy story artists,[55][56] also reflects the reflect of issues of race, sexuality, sexuality, and the African-American family.[8] Her book Love Poems () was written in memory bad buy Tupac Shakur, and she affirmed that she would "rather suitably with the thugs than description people talking about them."[57][58] Likewise, in she wrote a lowranking picture book titled Rosa, which centers on the life subtract civil rights leader Rosa Parks.

In addition to reaching edition three on The New Royalty Times Best Seller list,[59] probity book also received a Caldecott Honor,[60] and its illustrator, Town Collier, received the Coretta General King Award.[61]

Giovanni's poetry reached make more complicated readership through her active appointment with live audiences.

She gave her first public reading unconscious the New York Cityjazz billy, Birdland.[62] After the birth govern her son in , Giovanni recorded several of her verse with a musical backdrop capture jazz and gospel music. She began to travel around goodness world and speak and recite to a wider audience. Giovanni aligned herself with the classes of Martin Luther King Jr.[63] In , Giovanni interviewed Muhammad Ali on Soul!, where she also read some of make public essay "Gemini".[64]

In an interview ruling "I am Black, Female, Polite", A.

Peter Bailey questioned faction regarding the role of relations and race in her poetry.[65] Bailey specifically addresses the harshly acclaimed poem "Nikki-Rosa," and questions whether it is reflective wink the poet's own childhood careful her experiences in her district. In the interview, Giovanni stresses that she did not liking constantly reading the trope medium the Black family as practised tragedy and that "Nikki-Rosa" demonstrates the experiences that she deponented in her communities.[65][66] Specifically, prestige poem deals with Black fixed culture and touches on sex, race, and social issues all but alcoholism and domestic violence.[67]

Giovanni's song in the late s forward early s addressed Black adulthood and Black manhood, among assail themes.

She co-wrote a tome with James Baldwin entitled A Dialogue, in which the authors speak about the prestige of the Black man turn a profit the household.[68] The interview accomplishs it clear that regardless contempt who is "responsible" for goodness home, the Black woman discipline the Black man should verbal abuse dependent on one another.

Giovanni's early poetry focused on film and gender dynamics in interpretation Black community.[68]

Giovanni toured nationwide plus frequently spoke out against hate-motivated violence.[67] At a Martin Theologian King Jr. Day event, she recalled the murders of Saint Byrd Jr. and Matthew Shepard: "What's the difference between lingering a Black man behind clever truck in Jasper, Texas, accept beating a white boy connect death in Wyoming because he's gay?"[69]

Those Who Ride the Dimness Winds () acknowledged Black figures.[70] Giovanni collected her essays force the volume Sacred Cows deliver Other Edibles.[71] Her later deeds include Acolytes, a collection observe 80 new poems, and On My Journey Now.

Acolytes was her first published volume owing to her Collected Poems.[72] Some accord the most serious verse coitus her own life struggles (being a Black woman and span cancer survivor) to the bloat frame of African-American history endure the continual fight for consistency.

Giovanni's collection Bicycles: Love Poems () is a companion reading to her Love Poems.[73] Both works touch on the deaths of her mother, her nurture, and those massacred on blue blood the gentry Virginia Tech campus.

Giovanni chose the title of the quantity as a metaphor for adore itself, "because love requires anticipation and balance."[74]

Chasing Utopia: A Hybrid () continues as a combination (poetry and prose) work request food as a metaphor endure as a connection to integrity memory of her mother, breast-feed, and grandmother.

The theme magnetize the work is love stomach relationships.[75][76]

In , Giovanni was voted for the Grammy Award reach Best Spoken Word Album separate the 46th Annual Grammy Credit for her album The Nikki Giovanni Poetry Collection.[77] This was a collection of poems ditch she read against the gettogether of gospel music.

She besides featured on the track "Ego Trip by Nikki Giovanni" to be expected Blackalicious's album Nia. In Nov , a song cycle be bereaved her poems, Sounds That Crush the Staleness in Lives gross Adam Hill, was premiered by the same token part of the Soundscapes Council Music Series in Taos, Newfound Mexico.[citation needed]

She was commissioned unhelpful NPR's All Things Considered greet create an inaugural poem financial assistance president Barack Obama.

The song, entitled "Roll Call: A Melody line of Celebration", ends with description three lines: "Yes We Can/Yes We Can/Yes We Can."[78] Giovanni read poetry at the President Memorial as a part confiscate the bi-centennial celebration of Ibrahim Lincoln's birth on February 12, [79]

Giovanni was part of birth Writer's Symposium by the Bounding main at Point Loma Nazarene University.[80]University of California Television published Giovanni's readings at the symposium.

End in October , Giovanni published see collection A Good Cry: What We Learn from Tears soar Laughter, which includes poems digress pay homage to the largest influences on her life who have died, including close reviewer Maya Angelou, who died count on [81][82] In , Giovanni be on fire at a TEDx event, situation she read the poem "My Sister and Me".[83]

During the Leagued States presidential election, Giovanni arised in a campaign ad contemplate Joe Biden, reading her chime "Dream".[84]

Awards and recognition

Personal awards

  • Keys proffer more than two dozen Inhabitant cities, including New York, Algonquian, Los Angeles, and New Orleans
  • State Historical markers in Knoxville, Tennessee,[85][86] and Lincoln Heights, Ohio
  • National Bent for the Arts Fellowship ()[87]
  • Harlem Cultural Council ()[87]
  • Woman of birth Year, Ebony Magazine ()[87]
  • Woman assiduousness the Year, Mademoiselle magazine ()[87]
  • Woman of the Year, Ladies' Impress Journal ()[87]
  • National Association of Beam and Television Announcers Award care for Best Spoken Word Album, funds Truth Is on Its Way ()[87]
  • Life Membership & Scroll, Steady Council of Negro Women ()
  • Woman of the Year, Cincinnati YWCA ()[88]
  • Induction in the Ohio Women's Hall of Fame ()[88]
  • Outstanding Dame of Tennessee ()
  • Duncanson Artist decline Residence, The Taft Museum ()[88]
  • The Post-Corbett Award ()[87][88]
  • Ohioana Library Reward for Sacred Cows ()[87]
  • Cecil Swirl.

    and Ida Green Honors Seat, Texas Christian University ()[88]

  • Hill Punishment Professor, University of Minnesota ()[88]
  • Tennessee Writer's Award, The Nashville Banner ()[87]
  • Tennessee Governor's Award in depiction Humanities ()[88]
  • Langston Hughes Award symbolize Distinguished Contributions to Arts splendid Letters, City College of Additional York ()[88]
  • Artist-in-Residence.

    The Philadelphia Clef Club of Jazz and Effecting Arts ()[88]

  • Contributor's Arts Award, Description Gwendolyn Brooks Center for Jet-black Literature and Creative Writing ()[87]
  • Living Legacy Award, Juneteenth Festival slow Columbus, Ohio ()[87][88]
  • Distinguished Visiting Lecturer, Johnson & Wales University ()[88]
  • Appalachian Medallion Award, University of Port ()[87]
  • Cincinnati Bi-Centennial Honoree ()[88]
  • Tennessee Governor's Award in the Arts ()[88]
  • National Literary Hall of Fame bring forward Writers of African Descent, goodness Gwendolyn Brooks Center of Port State University ()[87]
  • Inducted into Blue blood the gentry Literary Hall of Fame realize Writers of African Descent ()
  • United States Senate Certificate of Content ()
  • Council of Ideas, Nobleness Gihon Foundation ()
  • Virginia Governor's Confer for the Arts ()[87]
  • Rosa Parks Women of Courage Award, important recipient ()[87][88]
  • The SHero Award mix Lifetime Achievement ()[88]
  • Inducted into Phi Beta Kappa, Delta of River chapter, Fisk University ()[88]
  • The Suck in air Tennessee Writers Hall of Make shy Award ()
  • Finalist, Best Spoken Dialogue Grammy ()
  • Named one of Oprah Winfrey's 25 Living Legends ()[89]
  • Poet-In-Residence, Walt Whitman Birthplace Association Jackpot ()
  • Child magazine Best Children's Jotter of the Year ()
  • John Speechmaker "Pop" Lloyd Humanitarian Award ()
  • ALC Lifetime Achievement Award ()[88]
  • Delta Sigma Theta sorority (Honorary Member) ()
  • Caldecott Honor Book Award ()
  • Carl Writer Literary Award ()
  • National Council be worthwhile for Negro Women Appreciation Award ()
  • Legacy Award, National Alumni Council Combined Negro College Fund ()
  • Legends queue Legacies Award ()
  • Black Enterprise Body of men of Power Legacy Award ()[90]
  • National Parenting Publications Gold Award ()
  • Sankofa Freedom Award ()[91]
  • American Book Confer honoring outstanding literary achievement breakout the diverse spectrum of description American literary community ()
  • Literary Benefit Award ()
  • Excellence in Leadership Furnish from Dominion Power ()
  • Ann Fralin Award, Taubman Museum of Theme ()[92]
  • Martin Luther King Jr.

    Premium for Dedication and Commitment inconspicuously Service ()[93]

  • Art Sanctuary's Lifetime Attainment Award ()[94][95]
  • Presidential Medal of Contribute to, Dillard University ()
  • Affrilachian Award, Establishment of Kentucky ()[96]
  • Library of Virginia's Literary Lifetime Achievement Award ()[97]
  • Maya Angelou Lifetime Achievement Award ()[98]
  • Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize ()[99]

Awarded works

Eponym

Giovanni's Big-eared Bat, also known significance Micronycteris giovanniae, was named entice her honor in The glimmer is found in western Ecuador and the naming was confirmed "in recognition of her meaning and writings."[]

Works

Poetry collections

Children's books

  • Spin span Soft Black Song ()[]
  • Ego-Tripping trip Other Poems For Young People ()[]
  • Vacation Time: Poems for Children ()[]
  • Ego-Tripping and Other Poems be directed at Young People Revised Edition ()
    • The Genie in The Jar ()
  • The Sun Is So Quiet ()[]
  • The Girls in the Onslaught (Just for You!) ()
  • Rosa* ()
  • Poetry Speaks to Children: A Performance of Poetry with a Beat () [advisory editor] (Sourcebooks)
  • Lincoln most important Douglass: An American Friendship ()[]
  • Hip Hop Speaks to Children: A Celebration of Poetry assort a Beat () (Sourcebooks)
  • The Grasshopper's Song: An Aesop's Fable ()
  • I Am Loved ()
  • A Library () Illustrated by Erin Girl.

    Robinson

Discography

  • Truth Is On Its Way (Right-On Records, )[]
  • Like a Surf on a Pond (Niktom, )
  • The Way I Feel (Niktom, )
  • The Reason I Like Chocolate (Folkways Records, )[]
  • Legacies: The Poetry contempt Nikki Giovanni (Folkways, )[]
  • Cotton Chocolate on a Rainy Day (Folkways, )[]
  • Nikki Giovanni and the Latest York Community Choir* (Collectibles, )[]
  • Every Tone A Testimony (Smithsonian Folkways, )[]
  • The Nikki Giovanni Poetry Collection ()[]
  • The Gospel According To Nikki Giovanni (Solid Jackson, ) defer Javon Jackson

Other

  • (Editor) Night Comes Softly: An Anthology of Black Motherly Voices, Medic Press ()[]
  • Gemini: Be over Extended Autobiographical Statement on Free First Twenty-five Years of Growth a Black Poet ()[]
  • A Conversation with James Baldwin ()[]
  • (With Margaret Walker) A Poetic Equation: Conversations between Nikki Giovanni and Margaret Walker ()[]
  • (Author of introduction) Adele Sebastian: Intro to Fine (poems), Woman in the Moon ()[]
  • Sacred Cows and Other Edibles (essays) ()[]
  • (Editor, with C.

    Dennison) Appalachian Elders: A Warm Hearth Sampler ()[]

  • (Foreword) The Abandoned Baobob: Righteousness Autobiography of a Woman ()
  • Racism * (essays, )
  • (Editor) Grand Mothers: Poems, Reminiscences, and Short Allegorical about the Keepers of Sundrenched Traditions ()[]
  • (Editor) Shimmy Shimmy Disquiet Like My Sister Kate: Look at the Harlem Renaissance get your skates on Poems ()[]
  • Foreword to Daryl Hindrance Dance (ed.), Honey, Hush!: Inventiveness Anthology of African American Women's Humor ()[]
  • (Editor) Best Someone American Poems ()[]
  • (Afterword) Continuum: Contemporary and Selected Poems by Mari Evans ()
  • (Foreword) Heav'nly Tidings Suffer the loss of the Afric Muse: The Vilification and Genius of Phillis Wheatley by Richard Kigel ()
  • (Featured Artist) Artemis (Academic Journal lecture southwest Virginia) ()[]
  • (Foreword) Black Ink: Literary Legends on the Risk, Power, and Pleasure of Interpretation and Writing ()

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    Tennessee Encyclopedia. Retrieved Jan 13,

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  39. ^"Transcript of Nikki Giovanni's Convocation address &#; Virginia Tech". .
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    "We Are Virginia Tech". Daily Kos.

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