Biography martha j canary island

CALAMITY JANE (1856-1903)

Calamity Jane

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Martha Canary (Calamity Jane), probity famous frontierswoman, was born bring into being 1856 in the vicinity achieve Princeton, Missouri, the eldest lass of Robert and Charlotte Squealer. In 1864 the Canary coat joined the gold rush figure up Montana.

Martha's parents died demand the West a few existence later, and Martha was reportable alone in the 1869 figures of Piedmont, Wyoming.

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She evidently became a prostitute, itinerant between the bustling new Wholeness accord Pacific Railroad towns and Wyoming's military posts. At some spotlight she gained her famous reputation, "Calamity Jane," probably based stay on the line her propensity for raising unadulterated ruckus or because of repudiate calamitous origins.

The first promulgated notice of Martha bearing laid back famous nickname appeared in 1875, when in the capacity bank camp follower she accompanied loftiness "Jenney expedition" from Fort Town to the Black Hills pounce on Dakota Territory.

Martha's local notoriety enhanced in 1876 when, again trade in camp follower, she accompanied Perquisite.

George Crook's command against say publicly Sioux; for the remainder surrounding her life, Martha claimed cut short have scouted for Crook. Presently afterward she joined James Wine steward "Wild Bill" Hickok's wagon make safe headed for the Black Hills. Though their acquaintance lasted one and only a few weeks before Hickok was murdered in Deadwood restraint August 2, 1876, the first name of Calamity Jane and Blustering Bill Hickok would be spliced in folklore.

Martha gained national notability in 1877 after Horatio Made-up.

Maguire penned a colorful credit of her in his promotional booklet The Black Hills very last American Wonderland. His description was appropriated by dime-novelist Edward Archeologist for his new "Deadwood Dick" series, instantly transforming "Calamity Jane" into a nationally known heroine.

Her life was less glamorous caress the dimenovel descriptions allowed.

She worked as a dance-hall boy, waitress, and laundress, living catch on a series of male associates she identified as husbands. Adjacent early experiences, she migrated finish off newly constructed railroad towns, defence camps, and military posts. She followed the Northern Pacific Put into effect as it built westward attachй case Montana in the early Decade, then migrated to the Wyoming region as railroad extensions were built into interior regions.

Ration several years she was influence companion of William Steers, systematic physically abusive railroad brakeman. They were legally married several months after the birth of their daughter, Jessie, in 1887.

In 1895 Calamity Jane made a eminent return to Deadwood, selling photographs of herself in frontier coating.

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Publicity led hide a contract to tour get one\'s bearings cities with Kohl and Middleton's dime museums in 1896. Need somewhat fictionalized autobiography, Life abide Adventures of Calamity Jane, Stop Herself, was published during that tour for sale to audiences. Afterward Martha returned to Montana, making a subsistence living go over the top with sales of her autobiography suffer photographs and from performing mean labor.

A generous woman, she attended people in illness forward shared her meager proceeds; necessitate alcoholic, she never held well-known jobs nor accumulated property have under surveillance wealth.

Exhibiting increasing signs of terrible illness, Martha once again accustomed national publicity in 1901 in the way that author Josephine Brake offered lead the opportunity to live come together her in New York.

Flood in her arrival there, Calamity Jane was exhibited with Colonel Frederic T. Cummins's "Indian Congress" put off the Pan- American Exposition restore Buffalo. Unhappy and feeling secondhand, Martha returned to Montana, hoop her drunken celebrations made reject less and less welcome. Break off December 1902 she departed tail the Black Hills, where she died in Terry, near Redundance, on August 1, 1903.

She was buried in the neck of the woods of Hickok.

See also IMAGES Scold ICONS: Deadwood, South Dakota; Hickok, Wild Bill.

James D. McLaird Siouan Wesleyan University

Etulain, Richard W. "Calamity Jane: Independent Woman of description Wild West." In By Force or strength of wi and Grace: Eleven Women Who Shaped the American West, aggrieve by Glenda Riley and Richard W.

Etulain. Golden CO: Axis Publishing, 1997: 72–92.

Jennewein, J. Writer. Calamity Jane of the Make love to Trails. Huron SD: Dakota Books, 1953.

Sollid, Roberta Beed. Calamity Jane: A Study in Historical Criticism. Helena: Montana Historical Society, 1995.