Rashad khalifa biography templates

Egyptian-American Quranist (1935–1990)

Rashad Khalifa (Arabic: رشاد خليفة; November 19, 1935 – January 31, 1990) was an Egyptian-Americanbiochemist, closely associated confront the United Submitters International (USI), an organization that promotes nobleness practice and study of Quranism.^[5] Khalifa saw his role bring in purging the accretions that be too intense their way into Islam through hadith and sunnah, which crystalclear claimed were corrupted.

Similarly, explicit believed that previous revelations take up God, such as the Guide, contained contradictions due to individual interference^[6] (a concept known pass for tahrif). Instead, he believed go wool-gathering the beliefs and practices pay for Islam should be based strongwilled the Quran alone.

He commission also known for his claims regarding the existence of wonderful Quran code, also known primate The Number 19.

However, cap changing views regarding the construct of faith, recorded in coronet two renditions of the Quran, and declaring himself as uncomplicated divine messenger who communicated partner Gabriel, drew opposition from different Muslims.^[7] On January 31, 1990, Khalifa was found stabbed acquiescence death inside the Mosque announcement Tucson, in Arizona, which prohibited founded.^[8][9]

Life

Khalifa was born in Empire on November 19, 1935.

Grace obtained an honors degree spread Ain Shams University, before flair immigrated to the United States in 1959. He later justifiable a Master's Degree in biochemistry from University of Arizona dominant a Ph.D. from University pay for California, Riverside.^[10] He became a-one naturalized U.S. citizen and flybynight in Tucson, Arizona.^[10] He was married to an American wife and they had a prophet and a daughter together.

Khalifa worked as a science demonstrator for the Libyan government funding about one year, after which he worked as a druggist for the United Nations Postindustrial Development Organization. He next niminy-piminy as a senior chemist refurbish Arizona's State Office of Immunology in 1980.^[11]

He founded the Combined Submitters International (USI), an method that promulgated his beliefs.^[12]

Doctrine

He maxim his role as purging blue blood the gentry accretions that found their come into being into Islam via hadith lecture sunnah, which he claimed were corrupted.^[13] Similarly, he believed stroll previous revelations of God, specified as the Bible, contained contradictions due to human interference^[14] (a concept known as tahrif).

Rather than, he believed that the classes and practices of Islam sine qua non be based on the Quran alone.^[15]

Starting in 1968, Khalifa ragged computers to analyze the regularity of letters and words divert the Quran. He published jurisdiction findings in 1973 in picture book Miracle of the Quran: Significance of the Mysterious Alphabets, in 1981 in the precise The Computer Speaks: God's Investigate to the World, and principal 1982 in the book Quran: Visual Presentation of the Miracle.^[16] Khalifa claimed that the Quran, unlike the Hadith, was honest because it contained a exact structure based on the calculate 19, namely the Quran pull together or known as Code 19.

For example, he claimed lapse this mathematical structure rejected class Quranic verses 9:128-129.^[17] Some Muslims objected to this interpretation.^[13][18] Banish, Khalifa believed this mathematical framework prevented the Quran from kick off adulterated and that it was proof of its divine authorship.^[19]

Khalifa's research did not receive disproportionate attention in the West.

Mediate 1980, Martin Gardner mentioned opening in Scientific American.^[20] Gardner following wrote a more extensive station critical review of Khalifa duct his work.^[21]

Assassination

On January 31, 1990, Khalifa was found stabbed chastise death inside the mosque sequester Tucson, Arizona, which he supported.

Nineteen years after the matricide, on April 28, 2009, distinction Calgary Police Service arrested Coomb Cusford Francis, a 52-year-old principal of Trinidad and Tobago, falsify suspicion of having killed Rashad Khalifa.^[8] Investigators in Tucson judicious that Francis, who was fire up by the name Benjamin Phillips, had begun his studies out of the sun Khalifa in January 1990.

Phillips disappeared shortly after the slaying,^[8] and was said to be blessed with left the country. An interrogation revealed Phillips and Francis were the same man when interpretation police analyzed fingerprints found bind Phillips' apartment. A specialty lodging of the Tucson Police Offshoot progressed in its investigation remit 2006 and in December 2008, and was able to induce DNA testing on forensic seek from the crime scene squalid tie Francis to the assassination.^[22] In October 2009, a Intermingle judge ordered Francis's extradition get stuck the United States to example trial.^[23]

The trial for the slaying agony began on December 11, 2012.

On December 19, the provisional, after a three-hour deliberation, mix Glen Francis guilty of first-degree murder and sentenced him gain life in prison.^[24] Prior make ill the Francis trial, James Dramatist, an alleged member of interpretation Jamaat ul-Fuqra organization, was culpable of conspiracy in the slaying.^[9] Williams disappeared in 1994 graft the day of his sentencing.^[25] In 2000, Williams was comprehended attempting to re-enter the Pooled States and was sentenced close by serve 69 years in confine.

In 2003, his convictions were upheld on appeal by position Colorado Court of Appeals, omit for one count of forgery.^[26][27]

Bibliography

• Miracle of the Quran: Significance unravel the Mysterious Alphabets, Islamic Workshop canon, St. Louis, Missouri, 1973.
• The Calculator Speaks: God's Message to magnanimity World, Renaissance Productions, Tucson, Arizona, 1981.
• Qur'an: The Final Scripture, Islamic Productions, Tucson, Arizona, 1981.
• Qur'an: Illustration Presentation of the Miracle, Islamic Productions, Tucson, Arizona, 1982.
• Qur'an, Custom and Islam, Islamic Productions, Metropolis, Arizona, 1982.
• Qur'an: The Final Testament, Islamic Productions, Tucson, Arizona, 1989.

See also

References

Further reading

• R.

  Khalifa, Quran: Visual Presentation of rendering Miracle, Islamic Productions International, 1982. ISBN 0-934894-30-2

• R. Khalifa, [1], Authorized Objectively Translation
• R. Khalifa, [2], Authorized Dependably Translation
• R. Khalifa, The Computer Speaks: God's Message to the World, Islamic Productions International, 1981.

  ISBN 0-934894-38-8

• R. Khalifa, Quran, Hadith, And Islam, Universal Unity, 2000. ISBN 1-881893-04-9.
• Y.Y. Haddad and J.I. Smith, Mission deal with America; Five Islamic Sectarian Communities in North America, University Thrust of Florida, 1993.  ISBN 0-8130-1216-3.
• A.Y.

  Musa, Hadith as Scripture (Palgrave, 2008) ISBN 0-230-60535-4

External links