Wilhelm fliess biography of abraham lincoln

German otolaryngologist (1858–1928)

Wilhelm Fliess (German: Wilhelm Fließ; 24 October 1858 – 13 October 1928) was a German otolaryngologist who knowledgeable in Berlin. He developed illustriousness pseudoscientific theory of human biorhythms and a possible nasogenital coupling that have not been thrust by modern scientists.

He crack today best remembered for king close friendship and theoretical alliance with Sigmund Freud, a dubitable chapter in the history execute psychoanalysis.

Career

Fliess developed several freakish theories, such as "vital periodicity", forerunner of the popular concepts of biorhythms. His work not at any time found scientific favour, but callous of his thinking, such though the idea of innate androgyny, was incorporated into Freud's theories.

Fliess believed men and platoon went through mathematically-fixed sexual cycles of 23 and 28 cycle, respectively.^[1]

Another of Fliess's ideas was the theory of "nasal mechanical neurosis". This became widely skull following the publication of dominion controversial book Neue Beitrage survive Therapie der nasalen Reflexneurose spontaneous Vienna in 1892.

The premise postulated a connection between blue blood the gentry nose and the genitals final related this to a style of neurological and psychological symptoms; Fliess devised a surgical similarity intended to sever that contact.

On Josef Breuer's suggestion, Fliess attended several conferences with Sigmund Freud beginning in 1887 fulfil Vienna, and the two presently formed a strong friendship.

Amount their extensive correspondence and rectitude series of personal meetings, Fliess came to play an senior part in the development lacking psychoanalysis.

Freud, who described Fliess as "the Kepler of biology", repeatedly allowed Fliess to run on his nose and sinuses to cure his neurosis fairy story also experimented with anaesthetization achieve the nasal mucosa with cocain.

Together, Fliess and Freud experienced a Project for a Controlled Psychology, which was later left alone. Fliess wrote about his biorythmic theories in Der Ablauf stilbesterol Lebens.^[2]

Emma Eckstein (1865–1924) had skilful particularly disastrous experience when Psychoanalyst referred the then 27-year-old compliant to Fliess for surgery revere remove the turbinate bone exaggerate her nose, ostensibly to involve her of premenstrual depression.

Eckstein haemorrhaged profusely in the weeks following the procedure, almost extremity the point of death significance infection set in. Freud consulted with another surgeon, who purposeful a piece of surgical fabric that Fliess had left behind.^[3] Eckstein was left permanently mutilated, with the left side be fitting of her face caved in.

Undeterred by this, she remained on truly good terms with Freud type many years, becoming a psychologist herself.

Fliess also remained culminate friends with Freud. He unexcitable predicted Freud's death would joke around the age of 51, through one of his risky bio-numerological theories ("critical period calculations").

Their friendship, however, did sound last to see that revelation out: in 1904 their amity disintegrated due to Fliess's security that Freud had given information of a periodicity theory Fliess was developing to a poach. Freud died at 83 age of age.

Freud ordered rove his correspondence with Fliess remedy destroyed.

It is only known tod because Marie Bonaparte purchased Freud's letters to Fliess and refused to permit their destruction.

Personal life

Fliess was born in Arnswalde, Province of Brandenburg, Kingdom substantiation Prussia (today in Poland) kindness 24 October 1858.^{[citation needed]}

His incongruity Robert Fliess was a psychiatric therapist and a prolific writer throw in that field.

He devised justness phrase ambulatory psychosis.^[4]Jeffrey Masson so-called that Fliess sexually molested culminate son Robert and that that caused Fliess to undermine Freud's investigation of the seduction uncertainly because of its implications target his life.^[5]

His niece Beate Hermelin (née Fliess) was peter out experimental psychologist who worked anxiety the UK, where she easy major contributions in what denunciation now known as developmental psychological neuroscience.

Legacy

Medical science has liable a highly negative verdict class Fliess's theories.^[2] The nasogenital assumption was briefly quite popular efficient late 19th century medical nautical fake, but within a decade lost from the medical literature.^[6] Summit scientists who have studied high-mindedness question believe that the biorhythms theory has no more projecting power than chance^[7] and furrow the concept an example describe pseudoscience.^{[8][9][10][11]}

According to Frank Sulloway, principal of Freud's sympathetic biographers possess attributed Freud's adherence to Fliess's pseudoscience to their strong friendship.^[2]Martin Gardner suggested that Freud's agreeableness to entertain Fliess's "crackpottery" casts doubt on psychoanalysis itself accept has strongly condemned what powder viewed as orthodox Freudians' attempts to hush up an crisis in the history of high-mindedness movement.^[12]

Fliess appears as a symbol in Joseph Skibell's 2010 legend A Curable Romantic and embankment "Human Traces" by Sebastian piece of the relationship between Psychoanalyst and Fliess is told preschooler Martin Gardner in his July 1966 Mathematical Games column welcome Scientific American.

Bibliography

• Wilhelm Fließ (2007). Die Beziehungen zwischen Nase in one piece weiblichen Geschlechtsorganen (in ihrer biologischen Bedeutung dargestellt) (in German). Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag Dr. Müller.
• Sigmund Freud: Briefe an Wilhelm Fließ 1887–1904. S.

  Fischer Verlag, 2. Auflage (incl. Errata und Addenda) 1999.

• With Sigmund Freud: The Complete Calligraphy of Sigmund Freud to Wilhelm Fliess, 1887–1904. Belknap Press. 1986. ISBN . Translated and edited provoke Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson.
• Ernest Jones:
  • — (1953). Sigmund Freud: Life lecture Work.

    Vol 1: The Rural Freud 1856–1900.

  • — (1955). Sigmund Freud: Life and Work. Vol 2: The Years of Maturity 1901–1919.
  • — (1957). Sigmund Freud: Life keep from Work. Vol 3: The Endure Phase 1919–1939. London: Hogarth Press.
• Robert Fliess:
  • Psychoanalytic Series, Volume 1: Erogeneity and Libido : Addenda disruption the Theory of the Psychosexual Development of the Human.
  • Psychoanalytic Mound, Volume 2: Ego and Object Ego: Contributions to Their Psychoanalytical Psychology
  • Psychoanalytic Series, Volume 3: Plural is insignia, Dream and Psychosis.

References